Causes of spine base vascular malformations include:

• The exact cause of spinal vascular malformations is not well understood, but they may be present at birth or may develop later in life. Some spinal vascular malformations are associated with genetic syndromes, while others are thought to develop due to abnormal growth of blood vessels in the spinal cord.

The symptoms of spinal vascular malformations depend on the location, size, and type of malformation. Some people with spinal vascular malformations may not experience any symptoms, while others may experience:

• Pain or numbness in the arms or legs
• Weakness or paralysis
• Bladder or bowel dysfunction
• Difficulty walking or standing
• Spasms or involuntary movements
• Tingling or burning sensations

In severe cases, spinal vascular malformations can cause bleeding or blood clots, which can lead to stroke or other serious complications.

The goal of treatment for spinal vascular malformations is to reduce symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options for spinal vascular malformations include:

• Observation: If the malformation is small and not causing any symptoms, the doctor may choose to monitor it over time with imaging studies to track its growth.

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the malformation may be necessary if it is causing significant symptoms or if there is a risk of bleeding. The surgical procedure can be complex and carries risks, such as bleeding or damage to surrounding tissue.

• Embolization: Embolization involves using a catheter to inject a substance into the blood vessels that feed the malformation, blocking blood flow and reducing the risk of bleeding. This procedure is less invasive than surgery but may not be effective for all types of malformations.

• Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to target the malformation and reduce its size or reduce the risk of bleeding. This option is less invasive than surgery but may take several years to see results.

The choice of treatment depends on the size, location, and type of spinal vascular malformation, as well as the patient’s overall health. For some people, no treatment may be necessary, and close monitoring may be the best course of action. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are important to ensure the best outcomes for patients with spinal vascular malformations.

In conclusion, spinal vascular malformations are abnormal clusters of blood vessels in the spine that can cause a range of symptoms. Treatment options include observation, surgery, embolization, and radiation therapy, and the choice of treatment depends on the size, location, and type of malformation. Close monitoring and follow-up care are important for the best outcomes.